Cannabis is one of the oldest crops known to mankind, with records of its cultivation dating back thousands of years. Feral cannabis is highly adaptableand can grow and reproduce in a wide variety of temperate habitats, even under. It is the purported negative aspect of this commercial crop that has been expounded thereby leading to its ostracization to the detriment of its values to. At the bottom of this post youll find past collections of free ebooks that i have compiled for rfreeebooks. Cannabaceae is an important medicinal plant that serves as a source of cannabinoids, a unique class of terpenophenolic compounds which accumulates mainly in the glandular trichomes of the plant. Cannabis is finally catching up with all of the other popular plants of the world. Cannabis is a fascinating plant composed of a variety of compounds that affect the human body in a number of ways. A unique plant source of 3 important types of products 1. Medical utility of cannabis sativa marijuana cannabis sativa is a plant whose utility has been under estimated and thus abandoned. Jun 20, 2009 the biotechnology of cannabis sativa its a free discourse on the ways biotechnology genetic engineering may be applied to increase cannabis potency and to possibly create a whole mess of novel structural phenotypes. Cannabis sativa has been utilized for millennia, primarily as a source of a stem fiber both the plant and the fiber termed hemp and a resinous intoxicant the plant and its drug. Cannabis sativa, cannabis indica, and cannabis ruderalis. Legally and scientifically, we cannot identify the difference between sativa and indica cannabis strains because all the plants are considered as cannabis sativa however, in practice, there are many differences between both the cannabis strains.
It has been used in religious rituals, medical practices, and simple pleasures. The chemical constituents of cannabis represent almost all of the chemical classes, for example, hydrocarbons, sugars, terpenes, steroids, flavonoids, nitrogenous compounds and amino acids. In 1980, 423 natural compounds were identified in cannabis sativa, 483 in 1995 and 489 in 2005. As a plant, it has fallen into two groups indica and sativa. Armies and navies have used it to make war, men and women to make love. Uses, benefits and side effects of cannabis indica, sativa. If there are topics youd like to see me collect let me know in the comments. Hartsel, joshua eades, brian hickory and alexandros makriyannis introduction cannabis sativa is a remarkable plant containing many valuable natural components. Microscopical and chemical study of cannabis sativa. Use features like bookmarks, note taking and highlighting while reading cannabis sativa l. The molecular biology underlying cannabinoid biosynthesis and other traits of. Until the 1960s, botanists considered that there was only one species of cannabis c. The role of biotechnology in cannabis sativa propagation for. Cannabis sativa cannabis is among the earliest plants cultivated by man.
Cannabis is undoubtedly an herb that has been many things to many people. Elsohly 2014 micropropagation of cannabis sativa in biotechnology of cannabis sativa, 2 nd edition by sam r. The males, which are generally taller than the females. The biotechnology of cannabis sativa full text april. Thus far, cannabis biotech has developed a number of products that utilize alternative delivery methods. The terms indica and sativa are broad categories that help in an indication of a specific strain of cannabis. This includes, screening of high yielding genotypes based on their chemical profile, propagation of these genotypes using biotechnological tools, comparison of micropropagated plants with the mother plants for. There are so many different aspects of cannabis, that sometimes.
Complete taxonomic classification within the genus cannabis remains under considerable dispute. It has been cultivated throughout the world and history for use as a food, fuel source, nutritional supplement, body care product, source of paper. Whether its consumed in edibles, smoked in a joint, pipe or bong, vaporized or made into hash, shatter or concentrate many people can testify to the healing, calming and restorative powers of pot. In many locations, the plant genus cannabis has become synonymous with the recreational drug marijuana. Oct 16, 2017 indica and sativa are the two main types of cannabis. Cannabis sativa has been cultivated throughout human history as a source of fiber, oil and food, and for its medicinal and intoxicating properties. The key differences between sativa and indica cannabis strains. This fastgrowing plant has recently seen a resurgence of interest because of its multipurpose applications. Roots 4 have cytotoxic, antiinflammatory, antineoplastic, cardiovascular and mild analgesic activity and the lignans to have insecticidal effects. Cannabis sativa is composed of different chemical constituents.
Characterization of medicinal properties of cannabis sativa l. Ailments that the company has studied include hiv, cancer, glaucoma and neurological disorders. As with other herbal drugs, there are numerous biologically active compounds contained in marijuana but delta 9 tetrahydrocannabinl thc is the major psychoactive compound and the one most studied. The easiest way to determine the difference between sativa and indica cannabis strains or marijuana plants is to look for the shape of the leaves. And, to capture the best of both groups, farmers and cultivators have bred hybrids over time. Sativa cannabis strain is grown towards the equator,i. Cannabinoids, consiting of alkylresorcinol and monoterpene groups, are the unique secondary metabolites that are found only in cannabis sativa. Quimby 1974 claim that all cannabis plants grown for fiber or resin or other purposes belong to the species c. Cannabis biotech conducts research to develop innovative cannabinoid products and therapies for the treatment of diseases and their symptoms. Behavioral and biochemical effects of cannabis sativa and their modulation by antidepressant drugs rev. The biotechnology of cannabis sativa full text april, 2009 7. While cannabis plants are grown and used for food, fiber, fuel, medicine, and shelter brown 1998a, guy 2004 in different areas of the world, primary cultivation, especially in the united states, is for the psychoactive chemical constituents known as cannabinoids.
Contenidos articulos cannabis sativa 1 cannabis sativa subsp. Microclone cannabis tissue culture and biotechnology posts. The word dagga is a dutch pronunciation of the hottentot word, dachah. Thc, cbd, cbga to afford unique physiological effects. In the last decade most botanists would add the recently defined c. Today, it is widely accepted that marijuana has two main species. Oct 14, 2016 the line between cannabis indica and cannabis sativa was originally drawn taxonomically using carl linnaeuss naming system. The first evidence of the use of cannabis was found in china, where archeological and historical findings indicate that that plant was cultivated for fibers since 4. While herbal cannabis or marijuana consists of dried plant parts, the main ingredient in cannabis resin or hashish is the resin secreted by the glandular hairs found all over the plant but mainly around the flowers. Zwenger april, 2009 stem callus 7 transgenic cannabis rooting this book is dedicated to the future of humankind. The role of biotechnology in cannabis sativa propagation. Characterization of medicinal properties of cannabis.
The molecular biology underlying cannabinoid biosynthesis and other traits of interest is. Biotechnology companies are looking to capitalize on the anticipated growth of the cannabisderived pharmaceutical market by leveraging the mounting data on. Cannabis can be grown in virtually any country, and is increasingly cultivated indoors in technically advanced countries. The term marijuana is thought to be based on the portuguese word mariguango. But at the end of the day, all marijuana companies rely on one thing the living, breathing cannabis sativa plant. Cannabis sativa, also known as marijuana, is a plant grown all over the world, and has been in use for more than 10,000 years ago, during the stoneage. Arab scientists were several centuries ahead of our current knowledge of the curative power of hemp cannabis sativa l. Sam zwenger, the author of the pdf i linked even goes on to document actual transgenic gfp green fluorescent protein cannabis.
And like all things both lucrative and living, the world of biotechnology has already jumped right in and worked to optimize the biological output of these plants. Pdf the biotechnology of cannabis sativa 2 nd edition. The biotechnology of cannabis sativa full text sam r. Cannabis is said to come from the greek word, kannabis, the arabic word, kannabi, or the persian word, kannab. The number of species within the genus is disputed. Cannabis sativa cannabis indica theres a fair amount of confusion surrounding the botany of cannabis even among botanists. The draft genome and transcriptome of cannabis sativa.
Cannabis naturally colonizes open streamside habitats with ample sunlight, water, nutrients, and air movement. Each has its own unique effects and a distinctive high. Different strains of cannabis have different and unique smells and are believed to work with or against the cannabinoids i. Psychoactive substances used for religious rituals, medicine, recreation controversy about whether cannabis indica exists as a separate subspecies. Aug 14, 2017 this book highlights current cannabis research. Sativas were the original cannabis strains discovered in europe, and. Cannabis resin hashish is produced in about 65 coun tries, with main sources being north africa and countries. While herbal cannabis or marijuana consists of dried plant parts, the main ingredient in cannabis resin or hashish is the resin secreted by the glandular hairs found all. Modern western scientific literature ignores their contribution on the subject. This chapter describes the role of biotechnology and our efforts to propagate c.
Botany and biotechnology kindle edition by chandra, suman, lata, hemant, elsohly, mahmoud a download it once and read it on your kindle device, pc, phones or tablets. Selective breeding has produced cannabis plants for specific uses, including highpotency marijuana strains and hemp cultivars for fiber and seed production. Currently, about 110 phytocannabinoids have been isolated from c. Cannabis will deteriorate in about two years if exposed to light, air or heat. Cannabaceae is one of the oldest sources of fiber, food and medicine. Botany and biotechnology this book highlights current cannabis research.
Cannabis sativa, cannabinoid, tetrahydrocannabinol, tetrahydrocannabinolic acid synthase, biosynthesis, glandular trichome and biotechnology. The plants shownhere are cannabis spontaneously along a watercourse a in the northeastern state of megalaya in india. The line between cannabis indica and cannabis sativa was originally drawn taxonomically using carl linnaeuss naming system. It is for these reasons that i believe that the application of modern biotechnology to cannabis will be done a way that is harmonious with both nature and ourselves. Recommended methods for the identification and analysis of. The key differences between sativa and indica cannabis. This plant has been of interest to researchers, general public and media not only due to its medicinal properties but also the controversy surrounding its illicit use. Biotechnology companies are looking to capitalize on the anticipated growth of the cannabis derived pharmaceutical market by leveraging the mounting data on the therapeutic effect of cannabis. Introduction to the multipurpose plant cannabis throughout the ages, cannabis has been extolled as one of mans greatest benefactors and cursed as one of his greatest scourges. Humulus, celtis, related to the urticaceae nettles and moraceae mulberry, fig families annual growth habit mostly dioecious some fiber cultivars are monoecious staminate plants are 1015% taller 0. The mad rush for green continues to reach ever greater heights as states lift decadeslong bans on marijuana. Today most scientists believe that the species is cannabis, part of the. Cannabis sativa marijuana, weed, ganja is the illicit substance most frequently used by pregnant women muhuri and gfroerer, 2009. Production of herbal cannabis marihuana is widely dispersed, existing in almost every country in the world.
Microclone cannabis tissue culture and biotechnology. Many of these cannabis aromatic smells come from small molecules known as terpenes terpenoids. Cannabis sativa, cannabaceae, thca, cbda, cuttings bull. This vernacular name indicates the long use of this plant in southern africa.
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